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Real-Time Concepts for Embedded SystemsThis tight integration between the software and hardware resulted in non-portable applications. A small change in the hardware might result in rewriting much of the application itself. Obviously, these systems were difficult and costly to maintain. As the software industry progressed, operating systems that provided the basic software foundation for computing systems evolved and facilitated the abstraction of the underlying hardware from the application code. In addition, the evolution of operating systems helped shift the design of software applications from large, monolithic applications to more modular, interconnected applications that could run on top of the operating system environment. Over the years, many versions of operating systems evolved. These ranged from general-purpose operating systems (GPOS), such as UNIX and Microsoft Windows, to smaller and more compact real-time operating systems, such as VxWorks. Each is briefly discussed next. In the 60s and 70s, when mid-sized and mainframe computing was in its prime, UNIX was developed to facilitate multi-user access to expensive, limited-availability computing systems ...» |
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