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Гражданская война, террор и бандитизм (Систематизация социологии и социальная динамика)NONVIOLENT POLITICAL MOVEMENTS Pacifism emerged from its religious context and became a political philosophy during the 19th century. One wing of American abolitionists, led by William Lloyd GARRISON, preached the use of nonviolent methods in the fight against slavery. Many of the suffragettes who struggled for women's rights in Britain and North America adopted nonviolent resistance. Count Leo TOLSTOI, after his conversion to a radical kind of Christianity, advocated a pacifist rejection of war and advocated methods of CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE as an alternative to violent revolution in books such as The Kingdom of God Is Within You. A Tolstoian movement developed in tsarist Russia, surviving for some time after the Revolution of 1917. Nineteenth-century socialists were often antimilitarist in the sense that they opposed capitalist or imperialist wars. They took part in the various peace organizations that held international congresses during the century. Many socialists advocated an international general strike should a war break out, but when World War I began in 1914 the only resistance came from dedicated pacifists and a few revolutionary socialists ...» |
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