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Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human MindAt the risk of offending hard-nosed philosophers everywhere, I propose to leave it at that. For my money, the real question is not how we define happiness, but why, from the perspective of evolution, humans care about it at all. At first glance, the answer seems obvious. The standard story is that happiness evolved in part to guide our behavior. In the words of the noted evolutionary psychologist Randolph Nesse, "Our brains could have been wired so that [eating] good food, [having] sex, being the object of admiration, and observing the success of one's children were all aversive experiences [but] any ancestor whose brain was so wired would probably not have contributed much to the gene pool that makes human nature what it is now." Pleasure is our guide, as Freud (and long before him, Aristotle) noted, and without it, the species wouldn't propagate.* That much seems true. In keeping with the notion that pleasure serves as our guide, we automatically (and often unconsciously) sort just about everything we see into the categories "pleasant" and "unpleasant." If I show you a word like sunshine and then ask you to decide, as quickly as possible, whether the word wonderful is positive, you'll respond faster than you would if shown an unpleasant word instead (say, poison instead of sunshine) ...» |
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