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The World in 2050: Four Forces Shaping Civilization's Northern FutureFinland, Denmark, and Sweden were considering new alliances with each other, or even possible membership in NATO.335 The United StatesБЂ”dubbed the БЂњreluctant Arctic powerБЂ« by political scientist Rob Huebert at the University of Calgary336БЂ”was not growing its northern military power as noticeably. Its Polar Star icebreaker was out of service; a replacement was scrapped from the Obama administrationБЂ™s omnibus stimulus bill.337 However, America had never downsized its northern forces as much as the other Arctic countries after the Cold War. It still maintained some twenty-five thousand army, air force, and coast guard personnel in Alaska and had even begun conducting naval exercises offshore.338 One of the United StatesБЂ™ two controversial missile defense complexes (intended to shoot down incoming ICBM missiles) was installed at Fort Greely in Alaska. Perhaps most telling of all was a presidential directive quietly issued in January 2009, during the final days of the Bush administration. This little-noticed document sharply redefined U.S. policy in the Arctic for the first time since the end of the Cold War ...» |
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